Financial Management and Control †Kingspan Free Essays

Budgetary Management and Control Kingspan Assignment sixth December 2012 Contents Introduction4 1. Gainfulness Ratios4 1. 1Gross Profit Ratio4 1. We will compose a custom exposition test on Budgetary Management and Control †Kingspan or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 2Net Profit Ratio4 1. 3Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)4 2. Liquidity Ratios5 2. 1Current Ratio5 2. 2Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio5 3. Proficiency Ratios6 3. 1Debtors Days6 3. 2Creditors Days6 3. 3Inventory Turnover Days6 4. Outfitting Ratios7 4. 1Gearing Ratio7 4. 2Debt to Equity Ratio7 4. 3Interest Cover7 5. Venture Ratios8 5. 1Earnings per Share8 5. 2Price Earnings Ratio8 5. 3Dividend Cover8 6. Wellsprings of Finance9 6. 1Debt capital:9 6. 2Lease and Hire Purchase9 . 3Share Capital9 6. 4Creditor Debtors10 6. 5Reducing stock levels10 7. Conclusion10 7. Appendices11 7. 1Appendix 111 7. 2Appendix 212 Introduction Below are the proportion discoveries dependent on Kingspan PLC’s yearly report year finished 31st December 2010. The proportions are determined for both 2010 and 2009. The proportions are as per the following: 1. Productivity Ratios 1. 1Gross Profit Ratio 20102009 Gross Profit333,694ãâ€"100%=27. 96%308,913ãâ€"100%=27. 45% Sales Revenue1,193,2151,125,523 There is a so mewhat higher Gross Profit in 2010. Kingspan are presently clutching . 51% a greater amount of every euro of deals then they were in 2009. This is because of the expansion in deals. 1. 2Net Profit Ratio 20102009 Net Profit (before Int Tax)67,405ãâ€"100%=5. 65%62,659ãâ€"100%=5. 57% Sales Revenue1,193,2151,125,523 There is a slight increment of. 08% in 2010 contrasted with 2009. On the off chance that passing by the gross benefit proportion this ought to have been higher; this demonstrates they have to deal with their costs all the more productively along these lines expanding their net benefit. 1. 3Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) 20102009 Net Profit (before Int Tax)67,405ãâ€"100%=7. 65%62,659ãâ€"100%=7. 97% Capital Employed (W1)880,616786,676 Kingspan has been less productive in utilizing their capital in 2010; they are somewhere near . 2% from 2009. In spite of the fact that there was an expansion in deals in 2010 the abatement in ROCE is because of the higher borrowings in 2010. On the off chance that in following years they proceed with this pattern financial specialists could begin to stress and sell shares. 2. Liquidity Ratios 2. 1Current Ratio 20102009 Current Assets471,193=1. 55:1398,212=1. 31:1 Current Liabilities304,922303,529 The present proportion in 2010 shows that kingspan are dealing with their momentary obligation more proficiently than in 2009; this is because of expanding their present resources and figuring out how to keep their flows liabilities relativity consistent. They have to deal with their indebted individuals and stock better to additionally expand the proportion which will tempt expected speculators. 2. 2Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio 20102009 Current Assets less Closing Inventory (W2)342,158=1. 12:1287,391=0. 95:1 Current liabilities304,922 303,529 In 2009 Kingspan may have experienced issues in paying their momentary banks however they have figured out how to expand it in 2010. Given the perfect proportion of 1:1 they could take a gander at contributing the excess resources for an arrival. ? 3. Productivity Ratios 3. 1Debtors Days 20102009 Debtors218,047ãâ€"365=66. 70Days181,071Ãâ€"365=58. 72Days Credit Sales1,193,2151,125,523 Kingspan were dealing with their indebted individuals better in 2009. There is an expansion of 8 days in 2010; this might prompt awful obligation. Gathering their obligation prior will expand the liquidity of the business. They could offer limits on early installment or offer a money cost. 3. 2Creditors Days 20102009 Creditors93,024ãâ€"365=38. 68Days85,228Ãâ€"365=40. 42Days Credit Purchases (W3)877,735769,671 Kingspans loan bosses days have diminished by 2 days meaning they are taking care of their obligations 2 days sooner than in 2009. This shows Kingspan are dealing with their obligation all the more effectively and may premium likely speculators. 3. Stock Turnover Days 20102009 Average Inventory (W4)119,928ãâ€"365=50. 93Days134,291Ãâ€"365=60. 02Days Cost of Sales859,521816,610 Kingspan has dealt with their stock all the more effectively in 2010; by doing so they have expanded their income and decreased their holding costs. ? 4. Equipping Ratios 4. 1Gearing Ratio 20102009 Long Term Borrowing213,671ãâ€"100%=24. 26%201,141ãâ€"100%=25. 57% Total Capital (W1)880,616786,676 By diminishing the degree of equipping they have diminished the degree of budgetary hazard, despite the fact that they have expanded their acquiring the expansion in capital is more noteworthy implying that they are utilizing less obligation to make their benefit. . 2Debt to Equity Ratio 20102009 Long Term Borrowing213,671ãâ€"100%=32. 04%201,141ãâ€"100%=34. 35% Shareholders Funds666,945585,535 Debt to value has diminished by nearly 2% in 2010 demonstrating that there are more investors assets to borrowings. This shows Kingspan can figure out how to pay their obligations which is significant for future borrowings and financial specialists. 4. 3Interest Cover Interest Cover 20102009 Profit before Interest Tax67,405=5. 3562,659=4. 91 Loan Interest12,59412,750 There are higher financing costs related with momentary borrowings than there are with long haul borrowings. By lessening their present moment and expanding their drawn out borrowings Kingspan has decreased their fund costs in 2010. They have additionally expanded their business giving a superior intrigue spread. It shows that in 2010 Kingspan would have the option to pay their advantage 5. multiple times contrasted with 4. multiple times in 2009. Bank and financial specialists would take a gander at this proportion to perceive how they spread their advances. 5. Speculation Ratios 5. 1Earnings per Share 20102009 Profit after Interest and Tax48,657,000= â‚ ¬ 0. 28 47,658,000= â‚ ¬ 0. 28 Number of normal shares171,755,762171,503,951 Income per share in 2010 have remained nearly equivalent to 2009. It is shown here adjusted however 2010 has a slight increment. It shows the benefit of Kingspan and the consistency of the EPS shows security. Investors are accepting a somewhat better yield in 2010. 5. 2Price Earnings Ratio 20102009 Price for each share7. 49=â‚ ¬ 26. 956. 05 =â‚ ¬ 21. 32 Earnings for every Share0. 280. 28 It is progressively costly to purchase Kingspan shares in 2010 than contrasted with 2009; this shows trust in future procuring power. 5. 3Dividend Cover 20102009 Profit after Int charge Pref Div48,657=7. 0NIL Earnings per Share6,661 Kingspan can pay their investors 7. multiple times from their accessible benefits. They didn't deliver any profit in 2009; this could have been a key move to expand income. ? 6. Wellsprings of Finance Kingspan work various diverse money sources, for example, 6. 1Debt capital: Kingspan have both long and transient borrowings. With transient borrowings, for example, o verdrafts and recruit buy kingspan will pay a high financing cost on their 2009 borrowings of â‚ ¬31,863mn yet they have figured out how to decrease that by over half to â‚ ¬14,259mn. This will lessen the money related expenses. The financing cost for long haul borrowings is commonly a great deal lower than that of transient advances; in spite of the fact that Kingspan expanded there long haul borrowings in 2010 by â‚ ¬12,529mn they will be paying a lower loan cost, again saving money on account costs. By diminishing their momentary borrowings and expanding their drawn out borrowings in 2010, Kingspan have figured out how to decrease their general money cost to â‚ ¬156mn in 2010. The drawn out borrowings of â‚ ¬213,671mn have been booked for stunned reimbursements more than 5 years, this evil permit kingspan to meet their liabilities when due. Loan fees for advances over â‚ ¬300,000 can be examined with individual monetary establishments. Kingspan’s financing cost for both long and momentary advances will rely upon their FICO score. They should have the option to deliver income estimates or give security to the credit. 6. 2Lease and Hire Purchas e This type of account permits Kingspan to acquire the utilization of a benefit without an enormous starting expense. It is useful as the hazard stays with the proprietor and as innovation transforms they can update the hardware with insignificant expense. Kingspan have expanded their rent/enlist buy costs by â‚ ¬7mn in 2010. 6. 3Share Capital The center financing in Kingspan is given by investors; this expanded by â‚ ¬81,410mn in 2010. Despite the fact that there is hazard included and there might be an exceptional yield expected by utilizing this type of financing there is no prerequisite to deliver profits regardless of whether benefits exist. As Kingspan don't have favored investors they didn't deliver out profits in 2009 and permitted them to hold their benefit and improve deals. 6. 4Creditor Debtors Kingspan’s leasers days diminished by 2 days in 2010; contingent upon the understanding they may have had the option to get a markdown for early installment. Anyway concurring longer acknowledge terms for their providers would permit them greater adaptability with income. In 2009 Kingspan were likewise dealing with their account holders days more effectively than that of 2010. This might be because of the down turn in the economy and to make deals they could have offered longer reimbursement alternatives. If necessary Kingspan could renegotiate the terms or offer limits for early installment. 6. 5Reducing stock levels By diminishing the quantity of days stock is held will save money on holding costs, for example, security, light, warmth, warehousing and staff it will likewise lessen the danger of ruining or out of date products. Kingspan have figured out how to lessen their stock turnover days to 51 days contrasted with 60 days the earlier year. 7. End Overall Kingspan is performing preferred in 2010 over contrasted with 2009. The wellsprings of account are functioning admirably for the organization, they have a low equipping proportion and have moved assets among long and momentary acquiring exploiting a lower loan cost. They are dealing with their leaser, account holder and stock turnover days more effectively than in 2009. They are renting or utilizing enlist buy to get resources this giving Kingspan the utilization of gear without a huge beginning expense. Given the business and the monetary atmosphere in 2010 Kingspan demonstrates to be a fluid organization and sh

Cultural Dimensions Essay Example for Free

Social Dimensions Essay 1)Give the definition and goals of â€Å"your† social measurements (what does the measurement measure? what would you like to gauge? For example : capacity to work in gatherings, singular strengthening (for the individual/aggregate measurement). Diffuse and Specific orientated societies †The most evident contrast is the capacity to isolate private from proficient life. In diffused societies, the private and expert lives are firmly connected while explicit societies keep them discrete. Also, explicit societies advance explicitness, exactness, and straightforwardness. Likewise, individuals from explicit orientated societies can expel themselves from a circumstance with respect to standards and qualities. This implies explicit orientated societies support objectivity. This is interestingly with the diffuse orientated culture that is increasingly circuitous and exceptionally emotional. Besides, it very well may be said that this culture is increasingly casual and social-orientated. 2)Illustrate the measurement alluding not exclusively to the expert life. Depict circumstances in which the measurement may affect practices. For example : when someone cries in the study hall, (for the impartial/emotional measurement). For instance, if a director is welcome to supper by representatives, in a particular orientated culture, the chief may decrease the greeting as the person in question wouldn’t feel it is proper while in a diffuse orientated culture this may be viewed as a chance to carry familiarity to the relationship. So in an organization situated in Germany, this greeting would be viewed as improper in light of the fact that Germany has an increasingly explicit culture while in Finland this wouldn’t fundamentally be disapproved of as it is progressively diffuse orientated. 3)In request to quantify â€Å"your† measurement among people of various nationality, set up an arrangement or questions (MCQ or Yes/No sort are simpler to examine).

Fall 2010 New Students Employers Represented COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2010 New Students Employers Represented COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Last week I put up a post listing the universities/colleges our incoming MIA, MPA, and MPA-DP students attended.   I thought it might be of interest to do the same thing with most recent employers. This list does not include every single incoming student and some students worked for the same employer.   The list is also self reported and I did not attempt to look up all the acronyms, nail down regional locations, and clean it.   For example you will see both United States Navy and US Navy both listed. Abramson Center ABS-CBN News Channel ACC Refugee Resettlement Accenture ACCENTURE CONSULTING Accumulus Capital Mgmt Action Comm. Human Dev. Active Voice Admin of the President AECOM Int. Development AEI AEON Agriculture Bank of China AIG Al Jazeera English Alibaba(China) Alliance for the Arts Alliance to Save Energy American Public Media American Red Cross American University Cairo Amnesty International ANF Arab Jewish Partnership Arizona Satsang Society Asia ECI Atlantic Council Australian Human Rights C Austrian Mission to the U AXA Private Equity B-A Engineering PC Bain Company, SE Asia Bank Alfalah Ltd. Pakista Bank of America Bank of China Bank Of Mitubishi UFJ BAPS Charities BASF Battelle Memorial Inst. Beobwon Girls Middle Sch. Bessemer Trust BIC, United Nations BITDC at MEC/CUNY Bloomberg L.P. BNP PARIBAS BRIDGE Housing Corp. British American Tobacco British Embassy in Brazil Brown University Brune Richard LLP Buenos Aires City Council Bulgarian MFA C.I.A. CA State Legislature CAF Corporacion Andina Campaign Bttr Health Care Care Foundation, Pakistan CARICOM Secretariat CEC ITAM CEMEX Center for Const. Rights Center for Democratic Dev ChiCouncilonGlobalAffairs China Daily China Hewlett-Packard China Intelligence Online China Jianyin Investment CHS Alternativo CIDOB CIEP Cintra Chile Citibank City Health Department City of Kansas City, MO CJ Group (CEO Office) Clifford Chance US LLP Clinton Foundation Colegio Sagrada Familia Columbia U GHRCCA Columbia University Consulate Gen. of Israel CORPORACÃŒÃ"N ANDINA DE FOM Costa Rica Outward Bound Council Foreign Relations Creative Associates Int. Credit Suisse CSIS Daiwa Securities SMBC Davis Polk Wardwell Davis Polk Wardwell LLP DDR Presidential Office Deloitte and Touche Deloitte Consulting Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Justice Department. of Justice Dept of PM and Cabinet Dept. of Economic Devlpmt Dept. of Foreign Affairs DHL Global Office DiamondTrustBank Tanzania Digital Media Association Digital Pulp Disability Rights Legal C Distributed Sun LLC Donald R. Holben Dow Jones Co. Dow Jones Company DSCC EADS ECLAC Edelman Educari Embassy of Egypt EMPRESAS POLAR Endeavor Colombia Energetics, Inc. EODT Ernst Young ET Now Euromonitor International Europe Economics European American BussOrg European Commission Evalueserve ExportImportBank of Korea ExxonMobil Mexico Fdn for Sustainable Dev Federal Reserve Bank Financial Services Agency FINCA International FKI Fondo Esperanza Foreign Affairs Office Formez Fred Alger Company, Inc French Development Agency Fund for the City of NY Fund. Vitoria Amazonica Fundacion Capital Fundacion Microsol Garrigues Abogados General Electric Company Gibney Anthony Flaherty Glendale Elem School Dist Global CSR,LLC Goldman Sachs Goldman Sachs (Asia) LLC Goldman Sachs Japan Government of India Government of Kosovo Grail Research Grand Street Settlement GravityLens Green Peace, China Gurwin Habeas Corpus Resource Ct Habitat for Humanity Habitat for Humanity Intl HABLA Hackers LanguageResearch Harbin Engineering Uni. Harlem Children Society HarperCollins Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Haute NFP HEALTH CARE SOCIETY HELP USA Hilary For President Expl Hindustan Times Media Ltd HK and SH Banking Corp HM Treasury Hostos-Lincoln Academy Houghton Miflin Harcourt HQY Community Serv Center HSBC HSBC Bank USA, N.A. Human Rights First Human Rights Watch Hunger Action Coalition ICPC ICTSD IH Bydgoszcz IIJD IMCO IMF Indicorps Inform, Inc. Inspiring Revolutions Inter-American Dev. Bank INTER-AMERICAN DEVT BANK International Institute International Labour Org International Rescue Comm International ST Center Intl Human Rts Law Inst Intl Rescue Committee Israel Policy Forum J.P. Morgan Janaagraha Japan Business Federation JLS Inc. John Snow, Inc. Johnson Johnson Ltd JP Morgan Chase JP Morgan Chase Bank JPMorgan Just Neighbors Kaiser Associates Kaspi Education Center Kaye Scholer LLP KDIC KEM Hospital KEMA Kenya Education Fund Khadijat ul Kubra (KKBRO) KINU (Korea Institute for Kiva Kuehne+Nagel LanguageMate Lazard Freres Co LLC Legal Aid Society Lehman Brothers Lexcorp/CG Abogados Lipsticks Laptops Long Island University Maata-N-Tudu Maggio Kattar, P.C. McKinsey Company McKinsey Company, Inc. McKinsey and Company MEMRI METI Mexican Senate Mexicos Ministry of Fin. MFA of Kazakhstan MFY Legal Services MGN Capital Millennium Institute Min. of Fin. Econ Plg Mindray Company Ministry Foreign Affairs Ministry of Communication Ministry of Defense Ministry of Economy,Trade Ministry of Education Ministry of FA Ministry of Finance Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Labor Ministry of Nat. Defense Ministry of the Interior Ministry or Economy Ministryof ForeignAffairs Minsheng Banking Corp. Mission of France to UN MLIT(Japanese Government) MLIT(Ministry of Land, In MMG Partners MOFA, Japan Momentum Worldwide MONTAÃ'A DE LUZ Morgan Keegan Company Morgan Stanley MTA Engineering Constr. MWH Americas Nakhijevan publishing NANASO NASBHC National Academy of Publi National Assembly National Assembly of KOR National Assembly of ROK National Parks Assoc NSW National Planning Dep. National Police Agency National Womens Law Cntr Natl Ground Intel Center Natl Wildlife Federation Nazareth Housing, Inc. New Africa Theatre Assoc. New America Media New Farmer Devel. Project NIAC:Natl Iranian Amer.. Nomisma Ltd Nomura Nonprofit Advisory Norland Elementary School NRDC Nuclear Threat Initiative NY Legal Assistance Group Nyaya Health NYC Dept. of Ed. NYC Teaching Fellows NYCDOE NZ Superannuation Fund Obama Biden 2008 Campaign Ocean Classroom Foundatio Office of MP P. Lequiller Office of Public Defender Office of the President Opera Solutions Oportunidad Estrategica Org. of American States OYE Youth Empowerment Pacific Council Pakistan Television Corp PALESTINE TELECOM CO. Para Los Ninos Parliament Partner for Public Servic Peace Corps Peace Corps Cost Rica Peace Corps The Gambia Peace Corps Volunteer PITT OHIO EXPRESS PlaNet Finance Poliarquia Consulting Poverty Action Lab (JPAL) Powell Tate Pratt Institute Prems Librexim SRL Presby. Intercm. Hospital President ´s Office (Mex) PricewaterhouseCoopers Procter Gamble Prudential, UK Public Consulting Group Purolite Ion Ex. Resins R. Torre Company R/GA Interactive Rainforest Alliance Ramasai Housing and Const Rapid7 Refuge and Hope Intl REORIENT FILMS Rep. Griffiths Office Republic of Korea Navy REPUBLIC OF KOREAN ARMY Research Triangle Inst. Richard Young Rio Leadership Institute ROHM Co., Ltd Roots and Shoots Rustic Pathways Sackeus Save the Children UK SBICAP Securities Ltd Secretary of   Environment Secure EDI Seedco Senate Campaign-J Laserna Seoul Broadcasting System Sheba Center Shell Sierra Club Sierra M. School, AVID SNS PROPERTY FINANCE Social Security Inst. Soliya SpaceX Sponsors for Educational SRI International StartingBloc Strategic Insight Studio Creative Play Suburban Propane Susan Komen for the Cure Swedish Trade Council Swiss California Found. TaraEducation Association Teach for America Teamwork Services TechnoServe Telenorba TFA- New Horizons School Thanachart Securities The Aga Khan Foundation The Boston Consulting Gro The Collgee Board The Enough Project The Food Trust The Idea Village The Korean Embassy The Lens The Middle East Institute The Ministry of Defense The National Assembly The New York Times The Observer Magazine The ONE Campaign The Pew Charitable Trusts The Princeton Review The United Nations (ODA) The Volunteer Center The Walt Disney Company The World Bank The World Bank Group Thomas J. Watson Foundati Tostan Trickle Up Turkish Treasury U.S. Bureau of Labor Stat U.S. Department of State U.S. Embassy Commercial U.S. Embassy Tbilisi U.S. Embassy, Banjul U.S. Helsinki Commission U.S. Institute of Peace U.S. Marine Corps U.S. Senate Banking Cmte. 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Nursing and Patient Essay - 1697 Words

RUP1 Project Nursing is a profession in which professionalism and high moral character go hand in hand. Nurses have access to very important information and care for patients during critical times in their lives. Because of the nature of work that a nurse does, they must always maintain professionalism to ensure that their patients have the upmost trust in them. A. Functional Differences In order to become a registered nurse, one must pass nursing school and then go on to pass a test given by their state regulatory agency, such as the board of nursing (BON). The state board of nursing has many different duties. One of the many duties of a BON is to grant and renew nursing licenses. The BON can also take disciplinary review of†¦show more content†¦While working with an interdisciplinary team, it can be easy for some members of the team to forget that the patient is ultimately the one in control. 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Exercise Physiology Class Testing And The Observations...

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Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MorePsychology Ncert Book 1 Chapter Notes11190 Words   |  45 Pagesstill high adventure, in many ways the highest adventure on earth. – Norman Cousins Introduction You were, perhaps, asked by your teacher in the first class why you opted for psychology over other subjects. What do you hope to learn? If you were asked this question, what was your response? Generally, the range of responses which surface in class to this question are truly bewildering. Most students give inane responses, like they want to know what others are thinking. But then one also comes acrossRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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It is also difficult to give estimation on how the sales will be, or future market share will be, it depends on how the bra inquiry would use the communication tools and how much they would budget for that. The German researchRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesattract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choices, assessing reasons, seeking advice, etc. Dowden gets the balance and the emphasis right. Norman Swartz, Simon Fraser University v Acknowledgments Read More3521 Unit 1 Essay example10967 Words   |  44 Pageswould like to investigate in your project. Consider the following questions with regard to each topic area and discuss which one appeals to you most. After your discussion, write notes on what you have discussed. Then report your conclusion to the class, and invite comments on your ideas. A. ï‚Ÿ What is there to be gained from engaging your efforts in this area and not any other? ï‚Ÿ Why is the study worth doing? ï‚Ÿ What is the rationale of your proposed study? B. ï‚Ÿ Is the topic area a problem areaRead MoreOperational Management36687 Words   |  147 Pagesplace in the organization are referred to as operations or operations management. THE HISTORY OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT The field of OM is relatively young, but its history is rich and interesting. Our lives and the OM discipline have been enhanced by the innovations and contributions of numerous individuals. We introduce a few of these people in this section: and a summary of significant events in operations management is shown below: - Eli Whitney (1800) is credited for the early popularisation

The idea of anti-sexism has hardly scratched the surface of the popular male imagination Free Essays

The usual view of men’s anti-sexism is that it centres around men who find it personally important to challenge the pressure to conform to a ‘macho’ image plus a handful of politically aware men wanting to assist on what are seen as feminist issues. In fact any man giving it serious thought will come to see domestic violence, rape, care of their children and suchlike as being men’s issues. However, the average man will not be drawn into men’s groups by these issues, and will tend to see men’s anti-sexism as a movement without a cause. We will write a custom essay sample on The idea of anti-sexism has hardly scratched the surface of the popular male imagination or any similar topic only for you Order Now But I believe it’s a movement which has remained marginal by failing to acknowledge its biggest cause. Men’s groups tend to look for a personal response to the contradictions their members face – THEY are the problem, they must change. This seems to be unrelated to the impersonal world of politics and the hard realities of jobs, pay, working hours and conditions, etc. But this is exactly the area where anti-sexism could have its greatest impact. Because, in spite of the effects of massive unemployment, little has changed men’s ideas about work. The classic picture of man-as-incomplete-person that men’s groups invoke – emotionally retarded, distant from his children, competitive at work and dominant at home – describes a man well moulded to the career world. The stereotypical male values closely match the qualities desirable in competitive work. Despite the ‘personal politics’ of a few men, the nature of work itself has not changed and continues to reinforce the same traditional male values. But there are now women working successfully in most professions – so why should male values continue to dominate? It is because of the strict division between full-time and part-time work. It’s in full-time work in the majority of occupations that men and traditional values prevail – women in these jobs work on men’s terms. Part-time work on the other hand is clearly the province of women – over 90% of part-timers in Britain is female. In fact, much of the recent increase in women’s employment has been in the part-time sector. So what are the differences in these two areas of work? Full-time jobs are valued more highly, often paid a ‘family wage’, and require the specialisation of skills and continued commitment that would merit the title ‘career’ (though the principle is the same from bricklaying to brain surgery). This continuity is very important – women (in Britain) are permitted usually only a token break for maternity and men generally none for paternity. Outside this career world, there is both unpaid domestic work, including childcare, and formal part-time work – with pay, conditons, prospects and job interest generally worse than full-time work. There are two results of this duality of working situations. Firstly, because of women’s unavoidable involvement in caring for their babies, career work favours men. Full-time work has changed little to accommodate the increasing number of women in it, who have to accept the limitations imposed by men such as avoiding children or delegating their care to the domestic/part-time sector. Secondly, the domestic and part-time workforce is not only economically inferior to the career sector but actually services its interests and sustains it. This relationship is the framework for exploitation of both capitalist and patriarchal nature. So, women having children must be free from work from late pregnancy until the baby is weaned at the very least. As men are generally not permitted any reasonable paternity leave it is necessarily the mother who continues to look after the child at least until school age (unless the parents are willing and financially able to pay someone else to do so). If these considerations did not keep the woman out of full-time work in the first place, they are likely to do so for some years at this stage, especially since this whole situation increases the likelihood that the father will be earning more than her at this financially critical time. While this rigid division of work exists, therefore, women wanting children will be disadvantaged in full-time work, and many women having children will have to accept the limitations of part-time work. Men, if they are able to get full-time work, will almost always take this in preference to part-time work – and when they become fathers are likely to be under financial pressure to keep their full-time job, at the expense of their involvement with their children. Some European men, notably in Belgium, have come up with ideas that could break down the rigidity of this full-time/part-time division. They have lobbied the European Parliament for the establishment in the EEC Constitution of what they call the Flexible Work Right. This would be the legal right of anyone to choose how many hours a week to work, being paid accordingly. It would be a move against the binding domination of full-time work and the undervaluing of part-time work, which would allow a balance of working and domestic life to suit the priorities of individual men and women. In particular, parents would be free to share childcare and earning according to their own values. A practical shift in the distribution of the tasks between the sexes would open the door to many other changes. If the responsibility for financial support was no longer borne principally by men this could undermine the damaging tendency for manhood to be measured by economic success – which is often won at the price of being a second rate parent. And for women, work on these terms would mean not only an increase in real economic power and independence, but with this a greater participation in public and political life. Also any overall reduction in average hours worked could help to reduce unemployment in the right circumstances. So how might these ideas be realised in practice? Three possibilities for change are better provision for job sharing, more flexibility of working hours (especially total hours worked) and better parental leave allowances. As far as trade unions are concerned, defending the interests (primarily financial) of those in work comes before freeing members to work less. So small reductions in the working week, (which would probably serve mainly to increase overtime payments), take priority over genuine flexibility of hours and job-sharing provisions. Some forward-looking unions ARE seeking better paternity leave – most men take some time off whether it is officially available or not (94% in a recent Equal Opportunities Commission study). Better parental leave entitlement would go some way toward the goals of this anti-sexist men’s politics, especially since the right to flexible work will surely only be won in slow stages. And here the EEC is already playing a part. The EEC Commission has issued a directive aiming to set minimum standards for parental leave in all member countries (three months for men and women during the child’s first two years, in addition to maternity leave and at no extra cost to employers). Despite agreement of all other members, and within Britain support of the House of Lords and the Equal Opportunities Commission, the British government has so far vetoed the passage of this Directive into Community law. So there’s no doubt that some aspects of anti-sexist thinking are as political as they are personal. But the anti-sexist angle on work doesn’t end there. Poor working conditions and occupational safety may be sustained by ideas of what is ‘manly’. The notion that men who complain of bad conditions and danger are soft is sexist and encourages mistreatment of workers – not to mention alienating and excluding women. The response to noise, pollution and heavy lifting may be headaches, ulcers, heart disease and backache; human conditions too are important – if work is a hostile or authoritarian place men may take it out in drinking or violence outside work. A humane workplace is essential for a humane world. The goals of this ‘men’s politics’ in fact complement those of feminism despite their separate and apparently selfish motivation. This motivation is crucial since the issue of work as a major limitation in their lives is one with which many could identify. This idea – men seeing themselves as ‘work objects’ – paves the way for a wider view of anti-sexism, encompassing the aspects of personal change and ‘feminist’ causes important to men’s groups now. It would suggest too, a positive attitude of relating some of the less desirable trappings of maleness to the situations which shaped them, rather than blaming them on maleness itself. If men looked objectively at the unnecessary sacrifices they make on the altar of work, anti-sexism would suddenly seem relevant to many more men than the few involved at present. (C) Five Cram POSTSCRIPT The above article considers one interesting proposal for breaking down the male-dominated character of paid work. For example, as this issue went to press, a Bill introduced by the Labour MP Harry Cohen, which would introduce a statutory right to a period of parental care for parents of young children, was due to receive a second reading in the House of Commons. Under this Bill, employees with children under two years old (five if the child is disabled or adopted) would be entitled to 13 weeks paid leave if both parents are in paid work, 26 weeks if he or she is a single parent and 4 weeks if the other parent is ineligible for parental leave, for example because of unemployment. The entitlement is not transferable between the parents. The scheme would be paid for by employers and the Government. Under this Government – and probably any currently realistic alternative – it is unlikely to become law. I think it is an important step forward, but how can we as men help it to happen? Schemes of this sort, although less generous, already exist in ten of the twelve EEC countries – why not here? Even if employers, unions and the Government could be persuaded that this sort of parental leave provision is in their interests, there is a danger that it would divert attention away from the need to extend workplace nurseries and local authority childcare provision, and further privatise the provision of ‘care’ in our society. Another important issue is how, ‘parental’ schemes like this should be linked to more general ones like a Flexible Work Right. Which should have higher priority, and what would their effects be on the level of unemployment? Finally, I doubt if such voluntary schemes would be enough to bring about major changes in the distribution of labour between the sexes. Particularly in times of high unemployment and low wage increases, when the perceived priority of maximising the ‘breadwinners’ earnings is greatest, many men would not willingly reduce their hours worked. Schemes involving paid leave avoid this problem, but inevitably involve smaller changes in hours worked so as not to be prohibitively expensive. Compulsory schemes, such as legal limits on basic hours of work and overtime (to encourage men to invest more time and effort in the home) would probably also be needed, but care would be needed to avoid reducing low-paid workers’ wages oven further. But, to end on a positive note, it is true that there is a long-term trend towards fewer hours spent in paid employment by each male worker – the average has fallen by over one third in the last 100 years. Let’s hope it continues and that employed men make good use of the growing part of their lives spent outside paid jobs. How to cite The idea of anti-sexism has hardly scratched the surface of the popular male imagination, Papers

Various Issues on Nursing an Example by

Various Issues on Nursing Nursing, for me, is a noble profession as nursing professionals work together with other medical workers to achieve a healthy and quality life. As President Barack Obama noted, the United States and other nations today and in the near future will be focusing greatly on finding ways to improve the health care system. The development of modern medical technologies made medical professionals able to discover other diseases that remained undisclosed for a very long time in the history of medicine. Such discovery of diseases leads many nations and states to work closely so that the problem will be given proper treatment and effective prevention. However, such new discovery also brings problems to medical field as most states still lack medical workers, particularly nursing professionals. Need essay sample on "Various Issues on Nursing" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed As I read the book The Nursing Profession: Description and Issues by Timofeeva I learned that nursing, although considered as a rewarding career, has many issues that need to be solved. Two most challenging issues comprise the poor quality and scarcity of nursing professionals. Overtime, the quality of nursing is often a subject of academic debate among medical professionals. Many professionals noted that the quality problem is rooted on the poor curriculum of the nursing course such that most foundations are only theoretical and are not mostly appropriate for practical application. Moreover, academic and medical researches about nursing care are of scarce and often limited to certain topics (Timofeeva, 2002). Concerning the quality of nursing care being provided to patients, many states share common problems. McKenna (1998), on his research, found that due to the shortage in the nursing population, nurses turn out to be unable to provide high quality of care to patients. Although the main obligation of nurses is to provide nursing care, the need for specialization on the job is still not being realized as nursing curriculum is designed as general curriculum without specialized courses for home care, hospital care, corporate care, community care, and others. Like doctors, specialization among nurses is needed since occupation for this group of professionals is large, ranging from hospital nurses to industrial nurses, and patients are diverse aside from the fact that diseases and treatments also vary from each health situation. The lack of training among nursing professionals also contributes to the poor quality of nurses. As many states experience scarcity on nursing professionals many hos pitals and health care institutions are being forced to employ nursing graduates who still lack trainings and care experiences (Timofeeva, 2002). As mentioned earlier, scarcity of the nurses is evident in many states of America and other nations. I see this condition as another major challenging issue in the nursing field today. As noted on the education system, the enrolment population of nurses is relatively low in many colleges and universities these previous years. Many students prefer to take other courses that are more stable and financially rewarding. Moreover, the working environment of nurses (which are often prone to transmitted diseases) and career condition (low pay, long hour duties, and multi-tasking) are not perceived good by most students thus preventing them to enroll the course. Thus the population of nurses is comprised of mostly aged registered nurses. Another factor that contributes to the increasing shortage of nurses is the rapid expansion of nursing occupation due to various developments in the health care field. The discovery of many new diseases and novel approaches to treating disorders increases the demand for nursing professionals (Timofeeva, 2002). Although the nursing field faces many issues and challenges, I still find this job a noble and rewarding profession. Being able to help the health care system and the community promote health, prevent diseases, and assist patients cope with disorders gives me an idea of how accommodating and helpful the nursing profession is. Considering the two issues discussed above, I know that I will be able to contribute to solving the quality and scarcity problems. I hope to acquire all the essential knowledge on nursing and be trained enough to become an effective, efficient, and quality nurse whose goal is to help patients and communities attain healthy living thus preventing from getting diseases. Becoming a nurse student, I also hope to impart the nursing knowledge, which will be earned from the course and imparted to other individuals so to encourage them to become part of the nursing care. References McKenna, H. (1998). The professional cleansing of nurses: The systematic downgrading of nurses damages patient care. British Medical Journal, 317 (7170), 1403-1404. Timofeeva, A.A. (2002). The nursing profession: Description and issues. New York: Novinka Books.

Explains that true joy is found when following the path outlined in the Bible.

Explains that true joy is found when following the path outlined in the Bible. Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.119:106 I have sworn, and I will perform it, that I will keep thyrighteous judgments.119:107 I am afflicted very much: quicken me, O LORD, according untothy word.119:108 Accept, I beseech thee, the freewill offerings of my mouth, OLORD, and teach me thy judgments.119:109 My soul is continually in my hand: yet do I not forget thylaw.119:110 The wicked have laid a snare for me: yet I erred not from thyprecepts.119:111 Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage for ever: forthey are the rejoicing of my heart.119:112 I have inclined mine heart to perform thy statutes alway,even unto the end.To me this section of the Psalm is a call to a lifestyle of worship.Let's consider what the Psalmist has to say and how that applies tous today.George WhitefieldThe first thing this portion of the Psalm declares is that the Bibleis a lamp unto our feet.Read this poem on this though. Is that howyou are living?What is true worship?Scriptures rev eal the superior nature of God, shows us God's graceand then leads us in worship in both spirit and truth. Jesus' wordsto the woman at the well, that we must worship God in spirit andtruth, are coupled together in the words of our text by the Psalmist.How does the church, a pastor, or the Bible lead us in worship?Let's say your great-grandmother, who immigrated from Russia at theturn of the century, recently died. In her will she left you an old,cheap-looking piece of jewelry shaped like an egg. You throw it inyour closet and treat it as some cheap...

Julia Morgan, About the Architect of Hearst Castle

Julia Morgan, About the Architect of Hearst Castle Best known for the lavish Hearst Castle, Julia Morgan also designed public venues for the YWCA as well as hundreds of homes in California. Morgan helped rebuild San Francisco after the earthquake and fires of 1906- except for the bell tower at Mills College, which she had already designed to survive the damage. And it still stands. Background: Born: January 20, 1872 in San Francisco, California Died: February 2, 1957, at age 85. Buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California Education: 1890: Graduated from Oakland High School, California1894: Earned a degree in civil engineering from the University of California, BerkeleyWhile at Berkeley, mentored by architect Bernard MaybeckTwice rejected by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in ParisEntered and won several important architecture competitions in Europe1896: Accepted by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and became the first woman to graduate from that school with a degree in architecture Career Highlights and Challenges: 1902-1903: Worked for John Galen Howard, University Architect in Berkeley1904: Established her own practice in San Francisco1906: Office destroyed in a fire caused by the 1906 earthquake; Morgan established a new office1919: Newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst hired Morgan to design his San Simeon estate, Hearst Castle1920s: Problems with her inner ear required surgery that distorted Morgans face and affected her balance1923: Fires in Berkeley destroyed many homes designed by Morgan1951: Morgan closed her office and died six years later2014: Posthumously awarded the highest honor of the American Institute of Architects and elevated to the College of Fellows (FAIA). Morgan was the first woman to be given the AIA Gold Medal. Selected Buildings by Julia Morgan: 1904: Campanile (bell tower), Mills College, Oakland, California1913: Asilomar, Pacific Grove, CA1917: Livermore House, San Francisco, CA1922: The Hacienda, William Randolph Hearsts home at Valley of the Oaks, CA1922-1939: San Simeon (Hearst Castle), San Simeon, CA1924-1943: Wyntoon, Mount Shasta, CA1927: Laniakea YWCA, Honolulu, HI1929: The Berkeley City Club, Berkeley, CA About Julia Morgan: Julia Morgan was one of Americas most important and prolific architects. Morgan was the first woman to study architecture at the prestigious Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and the first woman to work as a professional architect in California. During her 45-year career, she designed more than 700 homes, churches, office buildings, hospitals, stores, and educational buildings. Like her mentor, Bernard Maybeck, Julia Morgan was an eclectic architect who worked in a variety of styles. She was known for her painstaking craftsmanship and for designing interiors that incorporated the owners collections of art and antiques. Many of Julia Morgans buildings featured Arts and Crafts elements such as: exposed support beamshorizontal lines that blend into the landscapeextensive use of wooden shinglesearth coloringsCalifornia redwood and other natural materials After the California earthquake and fires of 1906, Julia Morgan obtained commissions to rebuild Fairmont Hotel, St. Johns Presbyterian Church, and many other important buildings in and around San Francisco. Of the hundreds of homes that Julia Morgan designed, she is perhaps most famous for Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California. For nearly 28 years, craftsmen labored to create William Randolph Hearsts magnificent estate. The estate has 165 rooms, 127 acres of gardens, beautiful terraces, indoor and outdoor pools, and an exclusive private zoo. Hearst Castle is one of the largest and most elaborate homes in the United States. Learn More: Julia Morgan Papers, MS 010 at the Robert F. Kennedy Library, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. CAJulia Morgan: Architect of Beauty by Mark Wilson, 2007Julia Morgan Built a Castle Hardcover by Celeste Mannis, 2006Women of Steel and Stone: 22 Inspirational Architects, Engineers, and Landscape Designers by Anna M. Lewis, 2014

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP - Essay Example At the beginning of the 20th century, IQ tests had been considered as the most valid measure of individual intelligence and potential to achieve success in life (Mandell & Pherwani 2003). However, IQ could not reflect the emotional and situational factors of leadership success (Mandell & Pherwani 2003). Today, research of how emotional intelligence and gender affect leadership styles is gaining momentum in organization studies and industrial psychology. More often than not, emotionally intelligent leaders are believed to possess an inherent capacity to perform better and transform the organization. Gender is claimed to predetermine the choice of particular leadership style. However, both assumptions have their strengths and limitations. Emotional intelligence and leadership styles That emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership style create a cohesive relationship has been widely documented. The body of empirical and theoretical literature examining the effects of EI on leadership style constantly expands. Emotionally intelligent leaders are generally considered to be happier than their non-emotional colleagues (Gardner & Stough 2002). Emotionally intelligent leaders are associated with greater workplace and organizational commitments and are believed to have emotions needed to improve the quality of decision making in organizations (Gardner & Stough 2002). Emotions have the potential to boost enthusiasm in followers and contribute to the development of sustained interpersonal relationships (Gardner & Stough 2002). These are the most popular claims highlighting the relationship between leaders and their emotions; but is everything as good as it seems? Generally, researchers recognize that EI does affect leadership styles. Of particular importance is the relationship between EI and transformational leadership (Mandell & Pherwani 2003). Really, transformational leaders usually display a greater extent of emotions than non-transformational leaders, and this fact has far-reaching implications for the effectiveness of their leadership decisions. EI enables transformational leaders to develop and articulate enthusiasm for the vision and mission (Mandell & Pherwani 2003). Emotions contribute to the development of charisma in leaders (Mandell & Pherwani 2003). Emotional leaders have better opportunities to develop trust and commitment among their followers. It is no wonder that EI is mainly associated with transformations and transformational leadership styles. Leaders who score high on emotional intelligence scale usually display better emotional recognition and expression that non-emotional leaders (Gardner & Stough 2002). They can eas ily identify their feelings and express these feelings to others. EI leaders have a capacity to incorporate their emotions in decision making and use these emotions for the benefit of their organization. In other words, emotionally intelligent leaders can use their emotions to direct and guide their cognition (Gardner & Stough 2002). Emotional intelligence greatly influences leadership style, because emotionally intelligent leaders can read other people’s emotions, identify and interpret them; more often than not, it is transformational leaders that accomplish this emotional job (Gardner & Stough 2002). Emotionally intelligent leaders also possess good emotional control and can manage their own and others’ positive and negative emotions (Gardner & Stough 2002). The main question is in whether the EI-leadership relationship is strong and what theoretical models (if any) can

Aztec Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aztec - Term Paper Example The essay seeks to lay emphasis on the areas where similar features were quite evidenced. Aztec, as a subunit of the Mesoamerican culture, borrows many traditions and cultural aspects from the group. Just like in Mesoamerican, the Aztec emperors did possess immense powers both in political and spiritual angles. Religion was the main unifying factor. Their social system was made up of emperors, nobles, priests, warriors, merchants and artisans, farmers, slaves and prisoners. It all had dependence on welfare in slaves acquisition. Their wealth amount was based on the ability and strength of the military and ability to gain control over others. The states were the ones in control of markets and distribution of wealth to the needy areas. Their trade systems did rely on the extensive slave trade and tributes while the basis of wealth was heavily dependable upon the exploitation of other people. The decline of the empire did end after the influence of the Mesoamerican group. Primarily, the subordinate groups waved resistance to the ruling from the king. They were not loyal at all. Diseases such as measles, smallpox, leading to many deaths as they did lack immunity, attacked them. Spanish arrival at around year 1500 led to the final collapse of the kingship. Essentially, the similarities between Aztec and Mesoamerican populates culture was massive. It did range from political groupings, agriculture, religion, economy angles, social perspectives, cultures and trading systems. The temple was located at the city center. At that, place, the most ceremonial and religious activities of the Aztec took place. The temple did stand at 90 feet in the sky, having two pyramids by the sides. These pyramids were a symbolism of sacred mountains. A broad double staircase granted access to the shrines. There were two chapels at the frontal side of the temple. At the base of the temple, there was some expertly carved serpent heads.

Diketo Analogues and Their Significance

Diketo Analogues and Their Significance INTRODUCTION Medicinal chemistry is the branch of science, which has remarkable value for synthesis of novel drugs with intense therapeutic activity. It concerns with discovery, development, identification and interpretation of mode of action of biologically active compounds at molecular level. The molecular biological revolution and progressive mapping of human ‘genome’ have created a new biochemical and biostructural ‘world order.’1 These developments have provided new challenges and opportunities for drug research in general and drug design in particular. Pure organic compounds, natural or synthetic products are the chief source of agents for the cure, the mitigation or the prevention of disease today. The major objectives of the medicinal chemists are transformation of pathobiochemical and physiological data into a ‘chemical language’ with the aim of designing molecules interacting specifically with the derailed or degenerating processes in the diseased organisms. The development of chemotherapy during past 60 years constitute one of most important therapeutic advances in history of medicine and antimicrobial drugs are the greatest contribution of present century to therapeutics2. Potential therapeutic targets are being disclosed with increasing frequency and the exponential growth will continue during the next decades. In this situation there is a need for rapid and effective target validation and for accelerated lead discovery procedures. Organic chemists are increasingly directing their attention towards synthetic aspects of biomolecules and biologically active compounds, biosynthesized by plants and animals. Many important biochemical compounds and drugs of natural origin contain heterocyclic ring structures. Many of them are employed in treatment of many infectious diseases due to their specific activity, but their use in treatment is attributed to their inherent toxicity to various pathogens. DIKETO ANALOGUES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE Antibacterial The quinolones3 are well known synthetic antibacterial agents with di keto moiety some examples are Ciprofloxacin (1) Norfloxacin (2). Boteva4 et al synthesized some Halogen Substituted 4,5-dibenzoyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-dione derivatives (2-6) evaluated for Antibacterial Activity. Anti HIV The first report of a class of compounds that inhibit HIV integrase appeared in 1992. Aurin tricarboxylic acids and derivatives were determined to inhibit 3’ processing of viral cDNA with moderate iC50 values of 10-50micromolar. Thus the 1st pharmacophore with integrase inhibitory activity was determined i.e. aromatic rings with multiple hydroxyl substituents positioned on same ring or present close together in a 3D space if rings stack on top of each other. Since then considerable amount of work has been carried out in developing potential inhibitors of integrase taking the above compounds as leads. Presently there is only one FDA approved drug used as integrase inhibitor i.e. Raltegravir or Isentress, (7) approved in 2007. Elvitegravir (8) is another potential integrase inhibitor which is in phase III clinical trial5. THIOPHENE ANALOGS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE Thiophene (9) and its derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds possessing broad biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory6, analgesic6, antioxidant7, antitubercular8, antidepressant9, sedative9, antiamoebic10, oral analgesic11, antimetabolite12, and antineoplastic properties13. Antimicrobials Thiophene analogues have been known as antibacterials. In the year 2007 Stephane et al14 reported the synthesis and antibacterial activity of arylbenzothiophenes (10) and diarylthiophenes. (11) (10) (11) In the year 2010 Kavitha P N et al15 reported the antimicrobial activity of 3- amino-2- mercapto-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (12-17) by using B. subtilus, K. pneumonia and A. niger. Desai Akshay et al16 reported the synthesis of 2-thiophene-2- ethylthioureido-4- morpholino-6-(aryl) ureido-s-triazines.(18-23) These analogs were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using S. typhi, C. albicans. Bhuiyan Md. Mosharef Hossain et al17 reported synthesis of 4-hydrazino-2- mehylthio-5-ethyl-6- methylthieno [2,3-d] pyrimidine (24) which is evaluated as antimicrobial agent by using B.cereus, V.cholerae, A.alternate. (24) Shiradkar M. et al18 reported synthesis of N-[3-(substituted)-7H- [1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazine / thiadiazol-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophenes (25-32) as good antimicrobial agents by using E.coli, S.aureus, A.nigar. Ahmed M. M. et al19 reported synthesis of 4-(substituted)-7-cyano- 6-phenyl aminothieno [3,2-d] pyrimidins (33-34) and evaluated as good antimicrobial agents by using B.subtilis and St.aureus, compared with reference drug Amoxicillin. The 6-methyl-2-phenyl-3-(substituted)-3H-thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidin-4-ones (35-38) has been reported by Chander Mohan et al20 and evaluated for antimicrobial activity by using B. subtilis, E.coli, P.aeruginosa compared with standard drug Ciprofloxacin. Bhuiyan Md. Mosharef Hossain et al21 reported synthesis of thieno[3,2-e] imidazo[1,2-c] pyrimidin-2(3H)ones (39) which was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against B. cereus, S.typhi and A.alternatacompare to reference drugs Ampicillin with Nystatin. (39) Shetty Nitin kumar et al22 reported synthesis of 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[3,2-e] [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5- c]pyrimidine -8-ones (40-42) and evaluated for antibacterial activity against B. subtilis comparable to ampicilin. References : Larsen PK, Liljefors T, Madsen U, editors. Text book of drug design and discovery. 3rd ed. London: Taylor Francis; 2002. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM Pharmacology, 4th edition Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1999: 648 Wilson Gisvold, Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 10th edition, Lippincott publication Philadelpia 196-203. A.A Boteva, O. P. Krasnykh, S.S.Dubrovina, M. I. Vakhrin, E.B. Babushkina, T.F. Odegova, I.V. Solova, Pharm Chem J , 2008, 42 (8), 12-15. Vincenzo Summa AlessiaPetrocchi, Fabio Bonelli, BenedettaCrescenzi, Monica Donghi, Marco Ferrara, Fabrizio Fiore, Cristina Gardelli, Odalys Gonzalez Paz, Daria J. Hazuda, Philip Jones, Olaf Kinzel, Ralph Laufer, Edith Monteagudo, Ester Muraglia, EmanuelaNizi, Federica Orvieto, Paola Pace, Giovanna Pescatore, Rita Scarpelli, Kara Stillmock, Marc V. Witmer, and Michael Rowley, J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 5843–5855. F.M. Moghaddam, H.Z. Boinee, An efficient and facile one-step synthesis of highly substituted thiophenes, Tetrahedron 60 (2004) 6085-6089. K.I. Molvi, M. Mansuri, V. Sudarsanam, et al., Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of some tetrasubstituted thiophenes, J. Enzyme. Inhib. Med. Chem. 23 (2008) 829-838. M.K. Parai, G. Panda, V. Chaturvedi, Y.K. Manju, S. Sinha, Thiophene containing triarylmethanes as antitubercular agents, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let. 18 (2008) 289-292. W. Wardakhan, O. Abdel-Salam, G. Elmegeed, Screening for antidepressant, sedative and analgesic activities of novel fused thiophene derivatives, Acta. Pharm. 58 (2008) 1-14. S. Sharma, F. Athar, M.R. Maurya, A. Azam, Copper(II) complexes with substituted thiosemicarbazones of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde: synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity against E. histolytica, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 40 (2005) 1414-1419. O. F. William, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 3rd. ed., Lippincott Williams Wilkins Publication, Philadelphia, 1989. A.A. Sagardoy, M. J. Gil, R. Villar, et al., Benzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxamide 1,1-dioxides: Inhibitors of human cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18 (2010) 5701-5707. A.A. Fadda, E. Abdel-Latif, R.E. El-Mekawy, Synthesis and molluscicidal activity of some new thiophene, thiadiazole and pyrazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 44 (2009) 1250-1256. Jeremie Fournier dit Chabert, Beatrice Marquez, Luc Neville, Lionel Joucla, Sylvie Broussous, Pascale Bouhours, Emilie David, Stephane Pellet Rostaing, Bernard Marquet,a Nicole Moreaub and Marc Lemairea, Synthesis and evaluation of new arylbenzo[b]thiophene and diarylthiophene derivatives as inhibitors of the NorA multidrug transporter of Staphylococcus aureus, Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 15 (2007) 4482–4497. Kavitha PN, Vijayanthimala P, Saravanan J, Mohan S. Research Journal of Pharma- ceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2010; 1(2):124-130. Desai A, Mahajan HD, Ind Jour Chem, 2007; 46(B):1169-1173. Ahmed MM, Farha FM; Jordan Journal of Chem, 2008; 3(3):223-232. Shiradker M, Kale R. Ind Jour Chem, 2006; 46(B):1009-1013. Ahmed MM, Farha FM; Jordan Journal of Chem, 2008; 3(3):223-232. Mohan C, Bhargava G, Bedi PMS. J Life Sci, 2009; 1(2):97-101. Bhuiyan MH, Rahman KM. Acta Pharm., 2006; 56: 441-450. Nitinkumar SS, Lamani RS, Khazi IAM. Journal of Chem Sci, 2009; 121(3):301-307.

He tendency for human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of fashion and goods Essay

The tendency for human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of fashion and goods. Agree or disagree. Agree – Economic urge – Easy to copy Disagree – Not easy to copy due to complicated procedures – Other fields are easier to be copied Fashion and goods are becoming more similar between brands. Some people think that manufacturers are copying ideas of each other in such products while others claim that this is hardly necessarily reflected mostly in fashion and goods. I believe that in any field, people can copy from other and sometimes, fashion and consumer goods are far from easy imitation. First of all, it is thought that copying the style of fashion and goods is easier than other types of imitation. Just a glance at design is sufficient enough to provide other competitive brands to follow and manufacture right after the original item comes into being. Nevertheless, people’s desire is to enjoy products with good appearance and quality at the same time. Despite the copying trend of outstanding appearance, if the quality of products is below expectation of consumers, for instance, short durability and high price, the latter ones will shun away these items soon. Second of all, people mostly need goods in their daily life. The rate of consumption in daily goods adds up to billions of dollars for producers, which motivates them to copy each other. Yet, when it involves the assembly line and advanced technological applications, it is far from easy to follow suit. Technological goods need expertise, significant investment and long-term research. Hence, though goods may look like each other, they are rarely products of pure emulation and mass- consumed. Chinese products, for instance, in spite of being believed to be of lower price and copy others in the world, are still not as attractive as original ones as created in America and Japan due to their unfashionable design and short-time durability. In addition, copying trend is noticeable in other fields. In arts, the musical style of one nation borrows greatly from that of other countries to enrich cultural heritage of each nation while products of high intellectuality such as writing styles are somehow similar to each other. Even in choice of life, when a person has little inkling about what he or she does in life, it is more likely that he or she will travel the same journey as predecessors to be on the safe side. When it comes to work environment where competition is higher, to ingratiate oneself with bosses, employees are possible to copy ideas of others, which actually proves easier than to imitate the complicated business models to generate fashion designs or consumer goods. â €“ written by lena pham-

To What Extent Can Gatsby Be Considered a Tragic Hero

To what extent can Gatsby be considered a tragic hero? Before we can judge if Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero, we should look at the exact deï ¬ nition of a tragic hero. According to the classic deï ¬ nition, a tragic hero is a  «great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat »1, and Oedipus, from the Greek Legends, is deï ¬ ned as the classic tragic hero. So, is Gatsby then a classic tragic hero, by deï ¬ nition? ! Even if the book itself is called  «Great Gatsby », is Jay really great? From the text, we know that he came from a poor family, and made his fame and money through illegal business, and created a fake world of his own surrounding his reality, because he never accepted reality as it was.†¦show more content†¦Gatsby has created his  «greatness », but has none of his own. So, he is not a hero by classical deï ¬ nition, not quite, just because all that he is, his greatness, is in fact a masterful illusion. ! Is Gatsby destined for downfall? Clues can be found all over the novel, in descriptions of Gatsby, and Nick’s portrayal of him. Firstly, Nick realises straight away that Gastby is lying about his past and his trips to India, which suggests that Gatsby isn’t that much of a good liar, and Gatsby doesn’t realise this, because he has made all his dreams reality. Also, the description o f Gatsby in chapter 6 gives us suggestions on why Gatsby can never be satisï ¬ ed with his life:  «...these reveries provided an outlet for his imagination; they were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy’s wing »2. This quote is a perfect illustration of how Gastby views life. The fairy mentioned is has a slightly sarcastic feel, it’s almost as if Gastby’s mind is of a child - that everything around him is perfect, and nothing can inï ¬â€šuence him. But, such an oblivious approach to life cannot be secure or everlasting. Every dream changes, and every lie comes through sometime. Gatsby has to understand that he cannot live in his own fantasy, and that otherShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Can Gatsby Be Considered a Tragic Hero?1023 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent can Gatsby be considered a tragic hero? Before we can judge if Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero, we should look at the exact deï ¬ nition of a tragic hero. According to the classic deï ¬ nition, a tragic hero is a  «great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat »1, and Oedipus, from the Greek Legends, is deï ¬ ned as the classic tragic hero. So, is Gatsby then a classic tragic hero, by deï ¬ nition? ! Even if the book itself is called  «Great Gatsby »Read MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesQUESTIONS 2004 (Form A): Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literaryRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageslinguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove