Financial Management and Control †Kingspan Free Essays

Budgetary Management and Control Kingspan Assignment sixth December 2012 Contents Introduction4 1. Gainfulness Ratios4 1. 1Gross Profit Ratio4 1. We will compose a custom exposition test on Budgetary Management and Control †Kingspan or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now 2Net Profit Ratio4 1. 3Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)4 2. Liquidity Ratios5 2. 1Current Ratio5 2. 2Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio5 3. Proficiency Ratios6 3. 1Debtors Days6 3. 2Creditors Days6 3. 3Inventory Turnover Days6 4. Outfitting Ratios7 4. 1Gearing Ratio7 4. 2Debt to Equity Ratio7 4. 3Interest Cover7 5. Venture Ratios8 5. 1Earnings per Share8 5. 2Price Earnings Ratio8 5. 3Dividend Cover8 6. Wellsprings of Finance9 6. 1Debt capital:9 6. 2Lease and Hire Purchase9 . 3Share Capital9 6. 4Creditor Debtors10 6. 5Reducing stock levels10 7. Conclusion10 7. Appendices11 7. 1Appendix 111 7. 2Appendix 212 Introduction Below are the proportion discoveries dependent on Kingspan PLC’s yearly report year finished 31st December 2010. The proportions are determined for both 2010 and 2009. The proportions are as per the following: 1. Productivity Ratios 1. 1Gross Profit Ratio 20102009 Gross Profit333,694ãâ€"100%=27. 96%308,913ãâ€"100%=27. 45% Sales Revenue1,193,2151,125,523 There is a so mewhat higher Gross Profit in 2010. Kingspan are presently clutching . 51% a greater amount of every euro of deals then they were in 2009. This is because of the expansion in deals. 1. 2Net Profit Ratio 20102009 Net Profit (before Int Tax)67,405ãâ€"100%=5. 65%62,659ãâ€"100%=5. 57% Sales Revenue1,193,2151,125,523 There is a slight increment of. 08% in 2010 contrasted with 2009. On the off chance that passing by the gross benefit proportion this ought to have been higher; this demonstrates they have to deal with their costs all the more productively along these lines expanding their net benefit. 1. 3Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) 20102009 Net Profit (before Int Tax)67,405ãâ€"100%=7. 65%62,659ãâ€"100%=7. 97% Capital Employed (W1)880,616786,676 Kingspan has been less productive in utilizing their capital in 2010; they are somewhere near . 2% from 2009. In spite of the fact that there was an expansion in deals in 2010 the abatement in ROCE is because of the higher borrowings in 2010. On the off chance that in following years they proceed with this pattern financial specialists could begin to stress and sell shares. 2. Liquidity Ratios 2. 1Current Ratio 20102009 Current Assets471,193=1. 55:1398,212=1. 31:1 Current Liabilities304,922303,529 The present proportion in 2010 shows that kingspan are dealing with their momentary obligation more proficiently than in 2009; this is because of expanding their present resources and figuring out how to keep their flows liabilities relativity consistent. They have to deal with their indebted individuals and stock better to additionally expand the proportion which will tempt expected speculators. 2. 2Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio 20102009 Current Assets less Closing Inventory (W2)342,158=1. 12:1287,391=0. 95:1 Current liabilities304,922 303,529 In 2009 Kingspan may have experienced issues in paying their momentary banks however they have figured out how to expand it in 2010. Given the perfect proportion of 1:1 they could take a gander at contributing the excess resources for an arrival. ? 3. Productivity Ratios 3. 1Debtors Days 20102009 Debtors218,047ãâ€"365=66. 70Days181,071Ãâ€"365=58. 72Days Credit Sales1,193,2151,125,523 Kingspan were dealing with their indebted individuals better in 2009. There is an expansion of 8 days in 2010; this might prompt awful obligation. Gathering their obligation prior will expand the liquidity of the business. They could offer limits on early installment or offer a money cost. 3. 2Creditors Days 20102009 Creditors93,024ãâ€"365=38. 68Days85,228Ãâ€"365=40. 42Days Credit Purchases (W3)877,735769,671 Kingspans loan bosses days have diminished by 2 days meaning they are taking care of their obligations 2 days sooner than in 2009. This shows Kingspan are dealing with their obligation all the more effectively and may premium likely speculators. 3. Stock Turnover Days 20102009 Average Inventory (W4)119,928ãâ€"365=50. 93Days134,291Ãâ€"365=60. 02Days Cost of Sales859,521816,610 Kingspan has dealt with their stock all the more effectively in 2010; by doing so they have expanded their income and decreased their holding costs. ? 4. Equipping Ratios 4. 1Gearing Ratio 20102009 Long Term Borrowing213,671ãâ€"100%=24. 26%201,141ãâ€"100%=25. 57% Total Capital (W1)880,616786,676 By diminishing the degree of equipping they have diminished the degree of budgetary hazard, despite the fact that they have expanded their acquiring the expansion in capital is more noteworthy implying that they are utilizing less obligation to make their benefit. . 2Debt to Equity Ratio 20102009 Long Term Borrowing213,671ãâ€"100%=32. 04%201,141ãâ€"100%=34. 35% Shareholders Funds666,945585,535 Debt to value has diminished by nearly 2% in 2010 demonstrating that there are more investors assets to borrowings. This shows Kingspan can figure out how to pay their obligations which is significant for future borrowings and financial specialists. 4. 3Interest Cover Interest Cover 20102009 Profit before Interest Tax67,405=5. 3562,659=4. 91 Loan Interest12,59412,750 There are higher financing costs related with momentary borrowings than there are with long haul borrowings. By lessening their present moment and expanding their drawn out borrowings Kingspan has decreased their fund costs in 2010. They have additionally expanded their business giving a superior intrigue spread. It shows that in 2010 Kingspan would have the option to pay their advantage 5. multiple times contrasted with 4. multiple times in 2009. Bank and financial specialists would take a gander at this proportion to perceive how they spread their advances. 5. Speculation Ratios 5. 1Earnings per Share 20102009 Profit after Interest and Tax48,657,000= â‚ ¬ 0. 28 47,658,000= â‚ ¬ 0. 28 Number of normal shares171,755,762171,503,951 Income per share in 2010 have remained nearly equivalent to 2009. It is shown here adjusted however 2010 has a slight increment. It shows the benefit of Kingspan and the consistency of the EPS shows security. Investors are accepting a somewhat better yield in 2010. 5. 2Price Earnings Ratio 20102009 Price for each share7. 49=â‚ ¬ 26. 956. 05 =â‚ ¬ 21. 32 Earnings for every Share0. 280. 28 It is progressively costly to purchase Kingspan shares in 2010 than contrasted with 2009; this shows trust in future procuring power. 5. 3Dividend Cover 20102009 Profit after Int charge Pref Div48,657=7. 0NIL Earnings per Share6,661 Kingspan can pay their investors 7. multiple times from their accessible benefits. They didn't deliver any profit in 2009; this could have been a key move to expand income. ? 6. Wellsprings of Finance Kingspan work various diverse money sources, for example, 6. 1Debt capital: Kingspan have both long and transient borrowings. With transient borrowings, for example, o verdrafts and recruit buy kingspan will pay a high financing cost on their 2009 borrowings of â‚ ¬31,863mn yet they have figured out how to decrease that by over half to â‚ ¬14,259mn. This will lessen the money related expenses. The financing cost for long haul borrowings is commonly a great deal lower than that of transient advances; in spite of the fact that Kingspan expanded there long haul borrowings in 2010 by â‚ ¬12,529mn they will be paying a lower loan cost, again saving money on account costs. By diminishing their momentary borrowings and expanding their drawn out borrowings in 2010, Kingspan have figured out how to decrease their general money cost to â‚ ¬156mn in 2010. The drawn out borrowings of â‚ ¬213,671mn have been booked for stunned reimbursements more than 5 years, this evil permit kingspan to meet their liabilities when due. Loan fees for advances over â‚ ¬300,000 can be examined with individual monetary establishments. Kingspan’s financing cost for both long and momentary advances will rely upon their FICO score. They should have the option to deliver income estimates or give security to the credit. 6. 2Lease and Hire Purchas e This type of account permits Kingspan to acquire the utilization of a benefit without an enormous starting expense. It is useful as the hazard stays with the proprietor and as innovation transforms they can update the hardware with insignificant expense. Kingspan have expanded their rent/enlist buy costs by â‚ ¬7mn in 2010. 6. 3Share Capital The center financing in Kingspan is given by investors; this expanded by â‚ ¬81,410mn in 2010. Despite the fact that there is hazard included and there might be an exceptional yield expected by utilizing this type of financing there is no prerequisite to deliver profits regardless of whether benefits exist. As Kingspan don't have favored investors they didn't deliver out profits in 2009 and permitted them to hold their benefit and improve deals. 6. 4Creditor Debtors Kingspan’s leasers days diminished by 2 days in 2010; contingent upon the understanding they may have had the option to get a markdown for early installment. Anyway concurring longer acknowledge terms for their providers would permit them greater adaptability with income. In 2009 Kingspan were likewise dealing with their account holders days more effectively than that of 2010. This might be because of the down turn in the economy and to make deals they could have offered longer reimbursement alternatives. If necessary Kingspan could renegotiate the terms or offer limits for early installment. 6. 5Reducing stock levels By diminishing the quantity of days stock is held will save money on holding costs, for example, security, light, warmth, warehousing and staff it will likewise lessen the danger of ruining or out of date products. Kingspan have figured out how to lessen their stock turnover days to 51 days contrasted with 60 days the earlier year. 7. End Overall Kingspan is performing preferred in 2010 over contrasted with 2009. The wellsprings of account are functioning admirably for the organization, they have a low equipping proportion and have moved assets among long and momentary acquiring exploiting a lower loan cost. They are dealing with their leaser, account holder and stock turnover days more effectively than in 2009. They are renting or utilizing enlist buy to get resources this giving Kingspan the utilization of gear without a huge beginning expense. Given the business and the monetary atmosphere in 2010 Kingspan demonstrates to be a fluid organization and sh

Cultural Dimensions Essay Example for Free

Social Dimensions Essay 1)Give the definition and goals of â€Å"your† social measurements (what does the measurement measure? what would you like to gauge? For example : capacity to work in gatherings, singular strengthening (for the individual/aggregate measurement). Diffuse and Specific orientated societies †The most evident contrast is the capacity to isolate private from proficient life. In diffused societies, the private and expert lives are firmly connected while explicit societies keep them discrete. Also, explicit societies advance explicitness, exactness, and straightforwardness. Likewise, individuals from explicit orientated societies can expel themselves from a circumstance with respect to standards and qualities. This implies explicit orientated societies support objectivity. This is interestingly with the diffuse orientated culture that is increasingly circuitous and exceptionally emotional. Besides, it very well may be said that this culture is increasingly casual and social-orientated. 2)Illustrate the measurement alluding not exclusively to the expert life. Depict circumstances in which the measurement may affect practices. For example : when someone cries in the study hall, (for the impartial/emotional measurement). For instance, if a director is welcome to supper by representatives, in a particular orientated culture, the chief may decrease the greeting as the person in question wouldn’t feel it is proper while in a diffuse orientated culture this may be viewed as a chance to carry familiarity to the relationship. So in an organization situated in Germany, this greeting would be viewed as improper in light of the fact that Germany has an increasingly explicit culture while in Finland this wouldn’t fundamentally be disapproved of as it is progressively diffuse orientated. 3)In request to quantify â€Å"your† measurement among people of various nationality, set up an arrangement or questions (MCQ or Yes/No sort are simpler to examine).

Fall 2010 New Students Employers Represented COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2010 New Students Employers Represented COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Last week I put up a post listing the universities/colleges our incoming MIA, MPA, and MPA-DP students attended.   I thought it might be of interest to do the same thing with most recent employers. This list does not include every single incoming student and some students worked for the same employer.   The list is also self reported and I did not attempt to look up all the acronyms, nail down regional locations, and clean it.   For example you will see both United States Navy and US Navy both listed. Abramson Center ABS-CBN News Channel ACC Refugee Resettlement Accenture ACCENTURE CONSULTING Accumulus Capital Mgmt Action Comm. Human Dev. Active Voice Admin of the President AECOM Int. Development AEI AEON Agriculture Bank of China AIG Al Jazeera English Alibaba(China) Alliance for the Arts Alliance to Save Energy American Public Media American Red Cross American University Cairo Amnesty International ANF Arab Jewish Partnership Arizona Satsang Society Asia ECI Atlantic Council Australian Human Rights C Austrian Mission to the U AXA Private Equity B-A Engineering PC Bain Company, SE Asia Bank Alfalah Ltd. Pakista Bank of America Bank of China Bank Of Mitubishi UFJ BAPS Charities BASF Battelle Memorial Inst. Beobwon Girls Middle Sch. Bessemer Trust BIC, United Nations BITDC at MEC/CUNY Bloomberg L.P. BNP PARIBAS BRIDGE Housing Corp. British American Tobacco British Embassy in Brazil Brown University Brune Richard LLP Buenos Aires City Council Bulgarian MFA C.I.A. CA State Legislature CAF Corporacion Andina Campaign Bttr Health Care Care Foundation, Pakistan CARICOM Secretariat CEC ITAM CEMEX Center for Const. Rights Center for Democratic Dev ChiCouncilonGlobalAffairs China Daily China Hewlett-Packard China Intelligence Online China Jianyin Investment CHS Alternativo CIDOB CIEP Cintra Chile Citibank City Health Department City of Kansas City, MO CJ Group (CEO Office) Clifford Chance US LLP Clinton Foundation Colegio Sagrada Familia Columbia U GHRCCA Columbia University Consulate Gen. of Israel CORPORACÃŒÃ"N ANDINA DE FOM Costa Rica Outward Bound Council Foreign Relations Creative Associates Int. Credit Suisse CSIS Daiwa Securities SMBC Davis Polk Wardwell Davis Polk Wardwell LLP DDR Presidential Office Deloitte and Touche Deloitte Consulting Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Justice Department. of Justice Dept of PM and Cabinet Dept. of Economic Devlpmt Dept. of Foreign Affairs DHL Global Office DiamondTrustBank Tanzania Digital Media Association Digital Pulp Disability Rights Legal C Distributed Sun LLC Donald R. Holben Dow Jones Co. Dow Jones Company DSCC EADS ECLAC Edelman Educari Embassy of Egypt EMPRESAS POLAR Endeavor Colombia Energetics, Inc. EODT Ernst Young ET Now Euromonitor International Europe Economics European American BussOrg European Commission Evalueserve ExportImportBank of Korea ExxonMobil Mexico Fdn for Sustainable Dev Federal Reserve Bank Financial Services Agency FINCA International FKI Fondo Esperanza Foreign Affairs Office Formez Fred Alger Company, Inc French Development Agency Fund for the City of NY Fund. Vitoria Amazonica Fundacion Capital Fundacion Microsol Garrigues Abogados General Electric Company Gibney Anthony Flaherty Glendale Elem School Dist Global CSR,LLC Goldman Sachs Goldman Sachs (Asia) LLC Goldman Sachs Japan Government of India Government of Kosovo Grail Research Grand Street Settlement GravityLens Green Peace, China Gurwin Habeas Corpus Resource Ct Habitat for Humanity Habitat for Humanity Intl HABLA Hackers LanguageResearch Harbin Engineering Uni. Harlem Children Society HarperCollins Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Haute NFP HEALTH CARE SOCIETY HELP USA Hilary For President Expl Hindustan Times Media Ltd HK and SH Banking Corp HM Treasury Hostos-Lincoln Academy Houghton Miflin Harcourt HQY Community Serv Center HSBC HSBC Bank USA, N.A. Human Rights First Human Rights Watch Hunger Action Coalition ICPC ICTSD IH Bydgoszcz IIJD IMCO IMF Indicorps Inform, Inc. Inspiring Revolutions Inter-American Dev. Bank INTER-AMERICAN DEVT BANK International Institute International Labour Org International Rescue Comm International ST Center Intl Human Rts Law Inst Intl Rescue Committee Israel Policy Forum J.P. Morgan Janaagraha Japan Business Federation JLS Inc. John Snow, Inc. Johnson Johnson Ltd JP Morgan Chase JP Morgan Chase Bank JPMorgan Just Neighbors Kaiser Associates Kaspi Education Center Kaye Scholer LLP KDIC KEM Hospital KEMA Kenya Education Fund Khadijat ul Kubra (KKBRO) KINU (Korea Institute for Kiva Kuehne+Nagel LanguageMate Lazard Freres Co LLC Legal Aid Society Lehman Brothers Lexcorp/CG Abogados Lipsticks Laptops Long Island University Maata-N-Tudu Maggio Kattar, P.C. McKinsey Company McKinsey Company, Inc. McKinsey and Company MEMRI METI Mexican Senate Mexicos Ministry of Fin. MFA of Kazakhstan MFY Legal Services MGN Capital Millennium Institute Min. of Fin. Econ Plg Mindray Company Ministry Foreign Affairs Ministry of Communication Ministry of Defense Ministry of Economy,Trade Ministry of Education Ministry of FA Ministry of Finance Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Labor Ministry of Nat. Defense Ministry of the Interior Ministry or Economy Ministryof ForeignAffairs Minsheng Banking Corp. Mission of France to UN MLIT(Japanese Government) MLIT(Ministry of Land, In MMG Partners MOFA, Japan Momentum Worldwide MONTAÃ'A DE LUZ Morgan Keegan Company Morgan Stanley MTA Engineering Constr. MWH Americas Nakhijevan publishing NANASO NASBHC National Academy of Publi National Assembly National Assembly of KOR National Assembly of ROK National Parks Assoc NSW National Planning Dep. National Police Agency National Womens Law Cntr Natl Ground Intel Center Natl Wildlife Federation Nazareth Housing, Inc. New Africa Theatre Assoc. New America Media New Farmer Devel. Project NIAC:Natl Iranian Amer.. Nomisma Ltd Nomura Nonprofit Advisory Norland Elementary School NRDC Nuclear Threat Initiative NY Legal Assistance Group Nyaya Health NYC Dept. of Ed. NYC Teaching Fellows NYCDOE NZ Superannuation Fund Obama Biden 2008 Campaign Ocean Classroom Foundatio Office of MP P. Lequiller Office of Public Defender Office of the President Opera Solutions Oportunidad Estrategica Org. of American States OYE Youth Empowerment Pacific Council Pakistan Television Corp PALESTINE TELECOM CO. Para Los Ninos Parliament Partner for Public Servic Peace Corps Peace Corps Cost Rica Peace Corps The Gambia Peace Corps Volunteer PITT OHIO EXPRESS PlaNet Finance Poliarquia Consulting Poverty Action Lab (JPAL) Powell Tate Pratt Institute Prems Librexim SRL Presby. Intercm. Hospital President ´s Office (Mex) PricewaterhouseCoopers Procter Gamble Prudential, UK Public Consulting Group Purolite Ion Ex. Resins R. Torre Company R/GA Interactive Rainforest Alliance Ramasai Housing and Const Rapid7 Refuge and Hope Intl REORIENT FILMS Rep. Griffiths Office Republic of Korea Navy REPUBLIC OF KOREAN ARMY Research Triangle Inst. Richard Young Rio Leadership Institute ROHM Co., Ltd Roots and Shoots Rustic Pathways Sackeus Save the Children UK SBICAP Securities Ltd Secretary of   Environment Secure EDI Seedco Senate Campaign-J Laserna Seoul Broadcasting System Sheba Center Shell Sierra Club Sierra M. School, AVID SNS PROPERTY FINANCE Social Security Inst. Soliya SpaceX Sponsors for Educational SRI International StartingBloc Strategic Insight Studio Creative Play Suburban Propane Susan Komen for the Cure Swedish Trade Council Swiss California Found. TaraEducation Association Teach for America Teamwork Services TechnoServe Telenorba TFA- New Horizons School Thanachart Securities The Aga Khan Foundation The Boston Consulting Gro The Collgee Board The Enough Project The Food Trust The Idea Village The Korean Embassy The Lens The Middle East Institute The Ministry of Defense The National Assembly The New York Times The Observer Magazine The ONE Campaign The Pew Charitable Trusts The Princeton Review The United Nations (ODA) The Volunteer Center The Walt Disney Company The World Bank The World Bank Group Thomas J. Watson Foundati Tostan Trickle Up Turkish Treasury U.S. Bureau of Labor Stat U.S. Department of State U.S. Embassy Commercial U.S. Embassy Tbilisi U.S. Embassy, Banjul U.S. Helsinki Commission U.S. Institute of Peace U.S. Marine Corps U.S. Senate Banking Cmte. 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Nursing and Patient Essay - 1697 Words

RUP1 Project Nursing is a profession in which professionalism and high moral character go hand in hand. Nurses have access to very important information and care for patients during critical times in their lives. Because of the nature of work that a nurse does, they must always maintain professionalism to ensure that their patients have the upmost trust in them. A. Functional Differences In order to become a registered nurse, one must pass nursing school and then go on to pass a test given by their state regulatory agency, such as the board of nursing (BON). The state board of nursing has many different duties. One of the many duties of a BON is to grant and renew nursing licenses. The BON can also take disciplinary review of†¦show more content†¦While working with an interdisciplinary team, it can be easy for some members of the team to forget that the patient is ultimately the one in control. 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Exercise Physiology Class Testing And The Observations...

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The idea of anti-sexism has hardly scratched the surface of the popular male imagination Free Essays

The usual view of men’s anti-sexism is that it centres around men who find it personally important to challenge the pressure to conform to a ‘macho’ image plus a handful of politically aware men wanting to assist on what are seen as feminist issues. In fact any man giving it serious thought will come to see domestic violence, rape, care of their children and suchlike as being men’s issues. However, the average man will not be drawn into men’s groups by these issues, and will tend to see men’s anti-sexism as a movement without a cause. We will write a custom essay sample on The idea of anti-sexism has hardly scratched the surface of the popular male imagination or any similar topic only for you Order Now But I believe it’s a movement which has remained marginal by failing to acknowledge its biggest cause. Men’s groups tend to look for a personal response to the contradictions their members face – THEY are the problem, they must change. This seems to be unrelated to the impersonal world of politics and the hard realities of jobs, pay, working hours and conditions, etc. But this is exactly the area where anti-sexism could have its greatest impact. Because, in spite of the effects of massive unemployment, little has changed men’s ideas about work. The classic picture of man-as-incomplete-person that men’s groups invoke – emotionally retarded, distant from his children, competitive at work and dominant at home – describes a man well moulded to the career world. The stereotypical male values closely match the qualities desirable in competitive work. Despite the ‘personal politics’ of a few men, the nature of work itself has not changed and continues to reinforce the same traditional male values. But there are now women working successfully in most professions – so why should male values continue to dominate? It is because of the strict division between full-time and part-time work. It’s in full-time work in the majority of occupations that men and traditional values prevail – women in these jobs work on men’s terms. Part-time work on the other hand is clearly the province of women – over 90% of part-timers in Britain is female. In fact, much of the recent increase in women’s employment has been in the part-time sector. So what are the differences in these two areas of work? Full-time jobs are valued more highly, often paid a ‘family wage’, and require the specialisation of skills and continued commitment that would merit the title ‘career’ (though the principle is the same from bricklaying to brain surgery). This continuity is very important – women (in Britain) are permitted usually only a token break for maternity and men generally none for paternity. Outside this career world, there is both unpaid domestic work, including childcare, and formal part-time work – with pay, conditons, prospects and job interest generally worse than full-time work. There are two results of this duality of working situations. Firstly, because of women’s unavoidable involvement in caring for their babies, career work favours men. Full-time work has changed little to accommodate the increasing number of women in it, who have to accept the limitations imposed by men such as avoiding children or delegating their care to the domestic/part-time sector. Secondly, the domestic and part-time workforce is not only economically inferior to the career sector but actually services its interests and sustains it. This relationship is the framework for exploitation of both capitalist and patriarchal nature. So, women having children must be free from work from late pregnancy until the baby is weaned at the very least. As men are generally not permitted any reasonable paternity leave it is necessarily the mother who continues to look after the child at least until school age (unless the parents are willing and financially able to pay someone else to do so). If these considerations did not keep the woman out of full-time work in the first place, they are likely to do so for some years at this stage, especially since this whole situation increases the likelihood that the father will be earning more than her at this financially critical time. While this rigid division of work exists, therefore, women wanting children will be disadvantaged in full-time work, and many women having children will have to accept the limitations of part-time work. Men, if they are able to get full-time work, will almost always take this in preference to part-time work – and when they become fathers are likely to be under financial pressure to keep their full-time job, at the expense of their involvement with their children. Some European men, notably in Belgium, have come up with ideas that could break down the rigidity of this full-time/part-time division. They have lobbied the European Parliament for the establishment in the EEC Constitution of what they call the Flexible Work Right. This would be the legal right of anyone to choose how many hours a week to work, being paid accordingly. It would be a move against the binding domination of full-time work and the undervaluing of part-time work, which would allow a balance of working and domestic life to suit the priorities of individual men and women. In particular, parents would be free to share childcare and earning according to their own values. A practical shift in the distribution of the tasks between the sexes would open the door to many other changes. If the responsibility for financial support was no longer borne principally by men this could undermine the damaging tendency for manhood to be measured by economic success – which is often won at the price of being a second rate parent. And for women, work on these terms would mean not only an increase in real economic power and independence, but with this a greater participation in public and political life. Also any overall reduction in average hours worked could help to reduce unemployment in the right circumstances. So how might these ideas be realised in practice? Three possibilities for change are better provision for job sharing, more flexibility of working hours (especially total hours worked) and better parental leave allowances. As far as trade unions are concerned, defending the interests (primarily financial) of those in work comes before freeing members to work less. So small reductions in the working week, (which would probably serve mainly to increase overtime payments), take priority over genuine flexibility of hours and job-sharing provisions. Some forward-looking unions ARE seeking better paternity leave – most men take some time off whether it is officially available or not (94% in a recent Equal Opportunities Commission study). Better parental leave entitlement would go some way toward the goals of this anti-sexist men’s politics, especially since the right to flexible work will surely only be won in slow stages. And here the EEC is already playing a part. The EEC Commission has issued a directive aiming to set minimum standards for parental leave in all member countries (three months for men and women during the child’s first two years, in addition to maternity leave and at no extra cost to employers). Despite agreement of all other members, and within Britain support of the House of Lords and the Equal Opportunities Commission, the British government has so far vetoed the passage of this Directive into Community law. So there’s no doubt that some aspects of anti-sexist thinking are as political as they are personal. But the anti-sexist angle on work doesn’t end there. Poor working conditions and occupational safety may be sustained by ideas of what is ‘manly’. The notion that men who complain of bad conditions and danger are soft is sexist and encourages mistreatment of workers – not to mention alienating and excluding women. The response to noise, pollution and heavy lifting may be headaches, ulcers, heart disease and backache; human conditions too are important – if work is a hostile or authoritarian place men may take it out in drinking or violence outside work. A humane workplace is essential for a humane world. The goals of this ‘men’s politics’ in fact complement those of feminism despite their separate and apparently selfish motivation. This motivation is crucial since the issue of work as a major limitation in their lives is one with which many could identify. This idea – men seeing themselves as ‘work objects’ – paves the way for a wider view of anti-sexism, encompassing the aspects of personal change and ‘feminist’ causes important to men’s groups now. It would suggest too, a positive attitude of relating some of the less desirable trappings of maleness to the situations which shaped them, rather than blaming them on maleness itself. If men looked objectively at the unnecessary sacrifices they make on the altar of work, anti-sexism would suddenly seem relevant to many more men than the few involved at present. (C) Five Cram POSTSCRIPT The above article considers one interesting proposal for breaking down the male-dominated character of paid work. For example, as this issue went to press, a Bill introduced by the Labour MP Harry Cohen, which would introduce a statutory right to a period of parental care for parents of young children, was due to receive a second reading in the House of Commons. Under this Bill, employees with children under two years old (five if the child is disabled or adopted) would be entitled to 13 weeks paid leave if both parents are in paid work, 26 weeks if he or she is a single parent and 4 weeks if the other parent is ineligible for parental leave, for example because of unemployment. The entitlement is not transferable between the parents. The scheme would be paid for by employers and the Government. Under this Government – and probably any currently realistic alternative – it is unlikely to become law. I think it is an important step forward, but how can we as men help it to happen? Schemes of this sort, although less generous, already exist in ten of the twelve EEC countries – why not here? Even if employers, unions and the Government could be persuaded that this sort of parental leave provision is in their interests, there is a danger that it would divert attention away from the need to extend workplace nurseries and local authority childcare provision, and further privatise the provision of ‘care’ in our society. Another important issue is how, ‘parental’ schemes like this should be linked to more general ones like a Flexible Work Right. Which should have higher priority, and what would their effects be on the level of unemployment? Finally, I doubt if such voluntary schemes would be enough to bring about major changes in the distribution of labour between the sexes. Particularly in times of high unemployment and low wage increases, when the perceived priority of maximising the ‘breadwinners’ earnings is greatest, many men would not willingly reduce their hours worked. Schemes involving paid leave avoid this problem, but inevitably involve smaller changes in hours worked so as not to be prohibitively expensive. Compulsory schemes, such as legal limits on basic hours of work and overtime (to encourage men to invest more time and effort in the home) would probably also be needed, but care would be needed to avoid reducing low-paid workers’ wages oven further. But, to end on a positive note, it is true that there is a long-term trend towards fewer hours spent in paid employment by each male worker – the average has fallen by over one third in the last 100 years. Let’s hope it continues and that employed men make good use of the growing part of their lives spent outside paid jobs. How to cite The idea of anti-sexism has hardly scratched the surface of the popular male imagination, Papers

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Various Issues on Nursing Nursing, for me, is a noble profession as nursing professionals work together with other medical workers to achieve a healthy and quality life. As President Barack Obama noted, the United States and other nations today and in the near future will be focusing greatly on finding ways to improve the health care system. The development of modern medical technologies made medical professionals able to discover other diseases that remained undisclosed for a very long time in the history of medicine. Such discovery of diseases leads many nations and states to work closely so that the problem will be given proper treatment and effective prevention. However, such new discovery also brings problems to medical field as most states still lack medical workers, particularly nursing professionals. Need essay sample on "Various Issues on Nursing" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed As I read the book The Nursing Profession: Description and Issues by Timofeeva I learned that nursing, although considered as a rewarding career, has many issues that need to be solved. Two most challenging issues comprise the poor quality and scarcity of nursing professionals. Overtime, the quality of nursing is often a subject of academic debate among medical professionals. Many professionals noted that the quality problem is rooted on the poor curriculum of the nursing course such that most foundations are only theoretical and are not mostly appropriate for practical application. Moreover, academic and medical researches about nursing care are of scarce and often limited to certain topics (Timofeeva, 2002). Concerning the quality of nursing care being provided to patients, many states share common problems. McKenna (1998), on his research, found that due to the shortage in the nursing population, nurses turn out to be unable to provide high quality of care to patients. Although the main obligation of nurses is to provide nursing care, the need for specialization on the job is still not being realized as nursing curriculum is designed as general curriculum without specialized courses for home care, hospital care, corporate care, community care, and others. Like doctors, specialization among nurses is needed since occupation for this group of professionals is large, ranging from hospital nurses to industrial nurses, and patients are diverse aside from the fact that diseases and treatments also vary from each health situation. The lack of training among nursing professionals also contributes to the poor quality of nurses. As many states experience scarcity on nursing professionals many hos pitals and health care institutions are being forced to employ nursing graduates who still lack trainings and care experiences (Timofeeva, 2002). As mentioned earlier, scarcity of the nurses is evident in many states of America and other nations. I see this condition as another major challenging issue in the nursing field today. As noted on the education system, the enrolment population of nurses is relatively low in many colleges and universities these previous years. Many students prefer to take other courses that are more stable and financially rewarding. Moreover, the working environment of nurses (which are often prone to transmitted diseases) and career condition (low pay, long hour duties, and multi-tasking) are not perceived good by most students thus preventing them to enroll the course. Thus the population of nurses is comprised of mostly aged registered nurses. Another factor that contributes to the increasing shortage of nurses is the rapid expansion of nursing occupation due to various developments in the health care field. The discovery of many new diseases and novel approaches to treating disorders increases the demand for nursing professionals (Timofeeva, 2002). Although the nursing field faces many issues and challenges, I still find this job a noble and rewarding profession. Being able to help the health care system and the community promote health, prevent diseases, and assist patients cope with disorders gives me an idea of how accommodating and helpful the nursing profession is. Considering the two issues discussed above, I know that I will be able to contribute to solving the quality and scarcity problems. I hope to acquire all the essential knowledge on nursing and be trained enough to become an effective, efficient, and quality nurse whose goal is to help patients and communities attain healthy living thus preventing from getting diseases. Becoming a nurse student, I also hope to impart the nursing knowledge, which will be earned from the course and imparted to other individuals so to encourage them to become part of the nursing care. References McKenna, H. (1998). The professional cleansing of nurses: The systematic downgrading of nurses damages patient care. British Medical Journal, 317 (7170), 1403-1404. Timofeeva, A.A. (2002). The nursing profession: Description and issues. New York: Novinka Books.